Perdonanza Celestiniana

A Medieval Jubilee of Forgiveness and Renewal

The "Perdonanza Celestiniana" is held annually from August 23rd to 30th in the ancient city of L'Aquila, located in Italy's Abruzzo region. This week-long festival is a special event celebrating forgiveness, faith, and cultural heritage. Recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, this festival has a history spanning over 700 years. Thousands of pilgrims and tourists from around the world gather to witness the opening ceremony of the "Holy Door" at the Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio, gaining a rare opportunity for plenary indulgence. With its solemn religious ceremonies, colorful historical reenactments, and vibrant cultural events, this festival offers a unique journey through time, faith, and Italian tradition that is truly unparalleled.

Main Attractions

Opening of the Holy Door

The highlight of the Perdonanza Celestiniana is undoubtedly the opening of the Holy Door on August 28th. As the setting sun casts a golden glow on the intricate Romanesque façade of the cathedral, thousands gather in hushed anticipation. The air is thick with the scent of incense and the murmur of prayers. Suddenly, the sound of trumpets pierces the air, and the crowd falls silent as the Archbishop approaches the door, carrying an olive branch. With three symbolic knocks, the door swings open, releasing a wave of emotion that ripples through the assembled faithful.

This moment, lasting mere seconds, represents the culmination of centuries of tradition and the fulfillment of Pope Celestine V's promise of universal forgiveness. As pilgrims stream through the door, many with tears in their eyes, the basilica fills with the sound of hymns and the flickering light of thousands of candles, creating an atmosphere of profound spiritual intensity.

The Historical Procession

On the evening of August 28th, the streets of L'Aquila transform into a living tableau of medieval splendor. The "Corteo della Bolla" (Procession of the Bull) sees over 1,000 participants in meticulously crafted period costumes parade through the city. The air fills with the rhythmic beat of drums, the jingle of bells, and the clip-clop of horses' hooves on ancient cobblestones.

At the heart of the procession are three key figures: the Lady of the Bull, carrying the papal edict on a red velvet cushion; the Young Lord, bearing an olive branch to open the Holy Door; and the Lady of the Cross, holding a crucifix. Their costumes, rich in symbolism and crafted from sumptuous fabrics, glitter in the torchlight, offering spectators a breathtaking glimpse into Italy's medieval past.

Cultural Events and Gastronomy

Throughout the week, L'Aquila buzzes with cultural activities. The Piazza del Duomo becomes an open-air theater, hosting concerts that range from classical orchestras to contemporary artists. The melodies float through the warm summer air, mingling with the aroma of local delicacies being prepared in the surrounding streets.

Food plays a central role in the celebrations, with local restaurants and street vendors offering traditional Abruzzese cuisine. The scent of arrosticini (grilled lamb skewers) wafts through the air, while stands offer tastings of local cheeses, cured meats, and the region's robust Montepulciano d'Abruzzo wine. Don't miss the chance to try the "pizza dolce aquilana," a rich, multi-layered cake traditionally prepared for special occasions, its sweet aroma a perfect complement to the festive atmosphere.

Cultural and Historical Background

The origins of the Perdonanza Celestiniana date back to 1294, about 730 years ago. That year, Pietro da Morrone, who had been living as a hermit, was chosen as Pope Celestine V. He declared that anyone who visited the Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio in L'Aquila on August 28th and 29th would receive a special pardon called "plenary indulgence." This was a groundbreaking idea for its time, offering peace of mind to everyone, regardless of their social status or wealth. This initiative predated the Catholic Church's official establishment of the "Holy Year" by six years.

For the people of L'Aquila and visitors from around the world, this festival holds a meaning beyond just an event. It represents a culture deeply ingrained in people's hearts and embodies universal values that are still cherished in modern society, such as "forgiveness," "spiritual renewal," and "bonds between people." Furthermore, it is known as a symbol of L'Aquila's recovery from the devastating earthquake in 2009. The fact that this centuries-old traditional event continues uninterrupted amidst the city's reconstruction efforts is a testament to the strength of L'Aquila's people.

In 2019, the cultural significance of this festival was recognized globally when it was registered as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. It was highly acclaimed internationally as an event that heals people's hearts and contributes to building a peaceful society.

Participant Voices

I encountered the Perdonanza while traveling in Italy from America. The historical procession was like stepping into a living painting. I was breathless at the colors, sounds, and the sheer number of participants in medieval costumes. Standing next to a local family, I asked about the significance of the event. They explained how their family had participated for generations, pointing out their grandson in the procession. "This is our history, our identity," she said, her eyes shining with pride. "In a changing world, the Perdonanza reminds us of who we are and what we can be."

Fun Facts

The Perdonanza Celestiniana is considered the forerunner of the Catholic Jubilee, predating it by six years.
The Holy Door of Santa Maria di Collemaggio is opened and closed with a special key that is kept in the City Hall of L'Aquila for the rest of the year.
In 2022, Pope Francis himself opened the Holy Door, marking the first time a pope has participated in the ceremony since its inception.
The historical procession includes exactly 1,000 participants, each representing a specific historical figure or role from medieval L'Aquila.
The Perdonanza has been celebrated every year since 1294, even during wars and after natural disasters, making it one of the oldest continuously observed religious festivals in the world.