Pasola

Name: Pasola
Start: 2025-02-27
End: 2025-03-09
Location: Sumba

Sumba’s Spear and Horse Festival, a Living Tradition of Ancestral Spirit and Battle

2025/02/27 - 2025/03/09

Every year between February and March, on the island of Sumba in eastern Indonesia, the Pasola festival is held to celebrate the rice planting season and honor ancestral spirits. This centuries-old, vigorous traditional ritual features horse-mounted warriors throwing spears at each other. Taking place on the grasslands of West Sumba, the festival attracts families and travelers from across the island and around the world, offering a living tradition filled with myth, excitement, and community pride.

As the festival begins, the ground trembles with the pounding of horse hooves, the shouts of warriors, and the rhythms of Sumbanese chants and drums. The scent of trampled grass, smoke from bonfires and spicy pork, and the earthy smell of rain-soaked soil fill the air. Under the sun, riders adorned with feather decorations, colorful costumes, and shining spears create a spectacle that embodies the island’s wildness and beauty.

Main Attractions

Rituals and Prayers of the Marapu Faith

Pasola begins with rituals led by village priests of the Marapu faith. Offerings of gratitude to ancestral spirits and prayers for a bountiful harvest, purification ceremonies, and chanting create a sacred atmosphere. The battle begins when the first spear is thrown.

Pasola Battles: Horseback Spear Throwing

The festival’s centerpiece is the horseback spear-throwing battle between teams representing different villages. Dressed in vibrant traditional costumes and armed with bamboo spears with rounded tips, riders charge at full speed on bareback horses, throwing spears at each other. Dust, cheers, danger, and excitement fill the air, and occasional bloodshed is believed to bring fertility to the land.

Cultural Parade and Traditional Arts

Besides the battles, the festival features colorful parades of villagers in traditional costumes, traditional music and dance, horse decorations, and displays of ikat weaving and jewelry by women. Workshops, weaving demonstrations, and local food stalls offer a rich experience of Sumbanese culture.

Costumes and Decorations

Warriors wear feathered headdresses, beaded necklaces, and handwoven sarongs, while horses are adorned with colorful fabrics and decorations. Shields, spears, and jewelry carry the pride of villages and families and respect for ancestral spirits.

Cultural and Historical Background

Pasola’s origins lie in the Marapu faith and mythology of Sumba Island. Legend has it that the festival began as a ritual to reconcile a tragic love story and tribal conflicts. Today, it symbolizes respect for ancestors, prayers for a bountiful harvest, and community renewal. The festival dates are determined by the appearance of nyale (sea worms), considered signs from ancestors.

For the people of Sumba, Pasola is not just a spectacle but a sacred duty connecting ancestors, land, and family. Bloodshed is seen as an offering to the earth. The festival is a major homecoming event, bringing together families and communities in pride and tradition.

Participant Voices

"The Pasola battles were breathtaking—the speed, the sound, the colors. I felt the pride and spirit of the Sumbanese people in every moment."

Fun Facts

Pasola means "spear throwing" in the Sumbanese language.
Bloodshed is considered a sign of a bountiful harvest and an offering to the land.
The festival is a major homecoming event, attracting many people returning from outside the island and abroad.

Festival Dates

Pasola is held every February to March across West Sumba. Walk the grasslands with villagers and experience the living legend of Sumba, where horses, spears, ancestral spirits, and excitement intertwine.